Mandated Reporting Laws The Most Vulnerable Individuals...

Mandated Reporting Laws The most vulnerable individuals are found within the elderly and children population. Children can be impacted tremendously when experiencing situations that may affect their emotional, physical, and mental stage. Abuse can be seen in different forms such as sexual, emotional, physical abuse, and neglect. If any child is exposed to any of these abuse, it is the law to reach out to the proper authorities in order to protect the child’s life. Each state has its own mandated reporting laws and it is important to be able to recognized the protocol and what the law requires in each state. What constitute a child abuse in each state may vary, but ultimately, it has the same components. Child abuse is defined as a physical, emotional or psychological abuse including sexual abuse, exploitation, abandonment, or neglect, torture, confinement, cruel punishment in the State of New Mexico. Whereas in Colorado, it constitutes a child abuse or neglect as a resulting in imminent risk of serious harm, death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation of a child. For Arizona, child abuse consist of infliction or allowing of physical injury, impairment of bodily function or disfigurement, serious emotional damage diagnosed by a doctor or psychologist, and as evidenced by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or aggressive behavior caused by acts or omissions of individual having care and custody of child. All three states are very clear thatShow MoreRelatedElder Abuse : The Single Most Important Issues Affecting The Elder Population2985 Words   |  12 Pa gesElder Abuse is one of the single most important issues affecting the elder population in the United States yet is very little research on the issue or protections for seniors against elder abuse. The World Health Organization defines Elder Abuse as â€Å"a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an exception of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person†(World Health Organization, 2015) . Elder abuse can be separatedRead MoreThe Unhcr13403 Words   |  54 PagesUNHCR. He/she directs the work of UNHCR with the assistance of a Deputy High Commissioner and Assistant High Commissioners for Protection and Operations. The agency has a national and international staff of more than 7,190 working in 123 countries. Most UNHCR operations are in the field. The worldwide operation has become highly complex, ranging from recruitment of new staff and ensuring their security in dangerous situations to the procurement of everything from medical supplies and bulk food shipmentsRead MoreEarly Marriage9846 Words   |  40 Pages CAUSES OF EARLY MARRIAGE 5 CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY MARRIAGE 8 RESPONSES TO EARLY MARRIAGE OF CHILDREN 16 Introduction Early marriage affects millions of children through the world. It is widely practiced in the countries of South Asia where every year millions of girls-preteens and teens- become the wives of older men. Young girls are married when they are still children and as a result are denied fundamental human rights. Early marriage compromises their development andRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagesedu/catalog/12956.html Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html Reviewers This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments thatRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmanufacturing has HR responsibilities for 600 employees. In that role she contributes to workflow, production, scheduling, and other manufacturing decisions. It also means that she is more accessible to and has more credibility with manufacturing workers, most of whom are hourly workers. Making the transition in HR management required going from seven to three levels of management, greatly expanding the use of crossfunctional work teams, and significantly increasing training. To ease employee and managerialRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Glo bal Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesread and digest all the food safety dialogue that was in the public realm, and begin to form some opinions about on-farm food safety policy and implementation. During that summer and into the fall I was fortunate enough to be introduced to four individuals who have all acted as mentors to me (whether they know it or not). This thesis would not have been possible if it wasn t for the support and friendship of Shane Morris, Amber Bailey, Katija Blaine and Justin Kastner. On numerous occasions eachRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesEducation and Labor, Ways and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, the Budget, Rules, Natural Resources, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To provide affordable, quality health care for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages456 Responsibility Center Budgeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 Bracket Budgeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Software Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Accountability and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Section 7: Managing in the Twenty-First Century 20—Managers: The Next Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 ManagingRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesServices Pvt. Ltd. Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Leghigh-Phoenex Color Text Font: 10/12, Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within the text. Microsoft ® and Windows ® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. Screen shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed

Racial Disparities Of Mass Incarceration - 1572 Words

Racial disparities in mass incarceration Introduction Mass Incarceration in the United States has been a large topic of choice because rapid growth in the prison and jail populations, the long sentences the inmates face, and the inability for some inmates to incorporate themselves back into society. Since the 1970’s the U.S. prison population quadrupled from 158 to 635 people per 100,000, causing the U.S. to gain the title of country with the highest incarceration rate. (Massoglia, Firebaugh, Warner, 2013, p. 142; Muller, 2012) As the growth of the U.S prison and jail population rapidly increased, so did the growth of the three major contributors to that population – African Americans, Hispanics, and whites – with African American and†¦show more content†¦Muller’s study found that though the number of African American incarceration increased after the 1970’s, one of the causes of the rise that contributed to roughly thirty percent of the African American incarceration came about long before during the initial migration of many African Americans to the North between 1880 and 1950. The migration was related to the rise in African American incarceration in that the African Americans who migrated from the South were migrating from a comparatively low nonwhite incarceration rate to the comparatively high nonwhite incarceration rate that was in the North. Though the migration had a direct effect on the increase of incarcerations of the African American population, it did not cause a rise in the number of white incarcerations, thus causing a rise in racial disparity in prisons and jails before mass incarceration was established. An additional study that Muller conducted was related to the number of foreign whites being incarcerated or joined as a part of a state’s police force and their relationship with the African Americans incarceration rate. Mullers findings suggest that as African American migrants started appearing in theShow MoreRelatedRacial Inequalities And Racial Inequality1228 Words   |  5 Pagesoppressed but also how society functions as a whole. Racial inequalities have manifested in American society in ways that underlies a wide range of societal domains such as housing patterns, educational opportunities, healthcare inequality, and incarceration rates. Current events and experiences demonstrate moreover that racial inequality is still adamant in the American culture. Long after slavery, the Jim Crow Era, and the civil rights movement, racial inequality has taken distinctive forms which affectRead MoreA New Form Of Convict Leasing1260 Words   |  6 Pagesmales had an imprisonment ra te of close to seven times the incarceration rate of white men with the rate of incarceration for black women nearly three times the rate of white women (5). Human â€Å"Rights Watch† noted in a 2009 study; blacks are arrested at a higher rate than whites even though blacks commit drug offenses far less than whites (6). Former Presidents Reagan, the Bushes’ and Bill Clinton government, imposed racial projects and racial profiling cast new forms of racialized social control onRead MoreThe New Jim Crow And The Article On The Myth Os Mass Incarceration853 Words   |  4 PagesCrow and the article on the myth os mass incarceration, I was surprised to see how different they really were. The book is suggesting that mass incarceration is in fact the new Jim Crow, while the very title of the article infers that mass incarceration is a â€Å"myth† and is something that is not actually happening. That being said, I believe there are many ways in which Michelle Alexander would respond to this article in order to defend the topic of mass incarceration, and the fact that it is African-AmericansRead MoreEffects Of Racism1095 Words   |  5 Pagesand yet are rarely discussed. Hiding or ignoring the impact of racism on public health disparities is not the same as fighting against them. It is allowing them to be repeated without consequence. The effects of structural racism can be detrimental to the education of children in certain neighborhoods and communities. Structural racism such as socioeconomic status, racialized police violence and health disparities give African-Americans a disadvantage in public health. The socioeconomic status of African-AmericansRead MoreThe Failure of the War on Drugs Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence on both the incarceration rates and activities of the criminal justice system. Many politicians and advocates of the policy claim that the War on Drugs is a necessary element to deter criminal behavior and reduce the crime rate. However, studies show that drug deterrent policies on possession and use have been inadequate and unsuccessful (Cole Gertz, 2013). Studies also show that the War on Drugs has not attained its objectives because the policy exhibits racial discrepancy as it hasRead MoreThe Problem Of The War On Drugs1638 Words   |  7 Pagesstems from it helps sustain the most prosperous and corrupt industry of them all, prisons. Most people assume the â€Å"War on Drugs† was launched in response to the crisis cause by crack-cocaine in inner city neighborhoods. This view supports that racial disparities in drug convictions and sentences, as well as the rapid explosion of the prison population, reflect nothing more than the government’s zealous efforts to address rampant drug crime in poor, minority neighborhoods. This view while understandableRead MoreIs The War On Drugs?1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic I will be discussing is the War on Drugs. I will discuss the War on Drugs in relation to mass incarceration and to what consequences the War on drugs has caused among people and society itself. I have always been interested by the War on Drugs. However, slowly realizing, I only knew so much about the issue. As I further researched I learned what the term, â€Å"War on Drugs† really means. The â€Å"War on Drugs† is about the prohibition of drugs in society. Therefore, I strong ly believe that theRead MoreMichelle Alexander Mass Incarceration1601 Words   |  7 Pages she has taught at a number of universities, including Stanford Law School, where she was an associate professor of law and directed the Civil Rights Clinics. Alexander published the book  The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. In it, she argues that systemic racial discrimination in the  United States  has resumed following the  Civil Rights Movements gains; the resumption is embedded in the US  War on Drugs  and other governmental policies and is having devastating socialRead MoreThe Effects Of American Criminal Justice System Created By Public Perceptions Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutional racism still exists in this country. One way of viewing this institutional racism is looking at our nation’s prison system and how the incarceration rates are skewed towards African American men. The reasons for the incarceration rate disparity ar e argued and different between races, but history points out and starts to show the reason of why the disparity began. Families and children of the incarcerated are adversely affected due to the discrimination as well as the discrimination against AfricanRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 PagesJim Crow laws were state and local laws that reinforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s (Urofsky). The laws mandated segregation of schools, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, and restaurants. In legal theory, blacks received â€Å"separate but equal† treatment under the law--in actuality, public facilities were nearly always inferior to those for whites, when they existed at all. In addition, blacks

Behavioral Learning Theories Applied Free Essays

Behavioral Learning theories Applied Education is quite the central focus in our current society. As the economy advances, education becomes of greater importance and our student’s future is strongly dependent on their educational opportunities. As many theorists have proven, there is no one way of teaching that targets an entire audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Learning Theories Applied or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, every child has their own unique learning style that they respond best to. Any educator that takes on the responsibility of teaching must familiarize themselves with the different approaches so they observe the â€Å"No child left behind† act and fulfill their duty as a teacher. The many different approaches to learning include Behavioral, Social Cognitive, Information Processing, Constructivist, and Brain-based. The behavioral approach is concerned primarily with measureable and observable aspects of human behavior (Good Brophy, 1990). Behavioral learning theories focus on the ways in which pleasurable or unpleasant consequences of behavior change individuals’ behavior over time and ways in which individual model their behavior on that of others (Slavin 2006). The emphasis is put on responses to experiences, especially reinforcement and punishment, as determinants of learning and behavior. The 4 prominent behaviorist and key players in the development of the behaviorist theory, that I like to relate to, were Watson, Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner. Pavlov’s main interest was physiology but it was the Classical Conditioning theory that made him so famous. Classical Conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Both Thorndike and Skinner- although differently expressed- delved into the formulation of Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning is a learning methodology that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior through operant conditioning. Skinner’s theory of Operant conditioning basically explains how we acquire our range of learned behaviors that we exhibit. If an individual’s behavior is immediately followed by pleasurable consequences, the individual will engage in that behavior more frequently (Slavin, pg. 137). The relationship between the behavior and its consequences is what later a learned behavior becomes. Skinner mentions reinforcement, punishment, extinction and rewards as the mechanisms for his theory. All of these responses have a time and place where its effectiveness is at its peak. Knowing our students, knowing ourselves, knowing the situation, and knowing what we want our outcome to be will help us determine which approach to use. As maintained by the above behaviorists, our behaviors change in accordance to the immediate reaction/consequence. These immediate reactions are the secret weapon that teachers should master for optimal success in the classroom. A teacher can observe and take note of the various responses her students respond best to. A teacher should constantly be asking herself â€Å"What serves as a motivation or reinforcement for this particular student to do well†? â€Å"Does the student utilize the Expectancy Theory†? The theory of motivation is based upon the belief that people’s efforts to achieve depend on their expectations of reward, or do they lean towards achievement motivation; the tendency to strive for success and to choose goal oriented, success/failure activities? There are countless responses that can work to motivate our students. Although some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, many need that extra motivational factor to help them with their studies. Psychologists define motivation as an internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior over time (Murphy Alexander, 2000; Pintrich, 2003; Schunk, 2000; Stipek, 2002. ) As a student, I was often motivated to do especially good work when I felt the teacher doubted my capabilities. I practiced the quote â€Å"I do it because I can, I can because I want to, I want to because you said I couldn’t†. That really pushed me to do well. It may have been a childish but it worked for me. Personally, I had a hard time doing well under reinforcements be it negative or positive. The lack of consistency and the time lapse between the action and response never worked for me. If I were to utilize a token system or any other system (I. E. praise, charts etc.. ) I would review the pros and cons very carefully. I feel that employing such methods carelessly can produce destructive results. Observing a second grade class, I noticed the teacher exercising very harsh consequences to eliminate behaviors. Indeed, her classroom was always spotless, and quiet. The student did not dare misbehave or not know their work for fear of punishment. Ultimately, these students lived in fear. They disliked the teacher, they disliked learning, and whatever they did learn was just to avoid punishment. Were they motivated to behave? Indeed. They were afraid of the consequences. Was the atmosphere an optimal learning environment? Most definitely not! It was at that point that I understood that employing Behavioral Learning Theories do not always produce favorable results. When I was a short term substitute teacher, I had the opportunity to visit many classrooms over the period of a few months. When I entered the classroom with an air about myself and dressed well, the students automatically received the initial dose of motivation to behave and to please. I then continue to hold their interest by teaching in an unconventional manner or in any way that they are unaccustomed to. Teaching unconventionally is fairly simple in one of the schools I substitute. The simplicity of the teaching style has not changed from 20 years ago. The teachers use the same old text-books, they practice â€Å"one teaching style fit all† methodology, just one teacher for the entire class, etc. When I enter a class, I ask them to rearrange their chairs so they are sitting in a semi-circle or in groups depending on the lesson. As the lesson continues, I try to avoid giving extrinsic motivation unless I feel the absolute need. I try to make the actual lesson the incentive. I praise after inquisitive questions and seem genuinely happy with correct responses. It’s an aura that a teacher needs to create that will infuse a sense of ‘wanting to do well’, most frequently by the desire to please. I have frequently observed many teachers successfully pair less desired behavior with desired behaviors for great results which is referred to as the Premack Principle (Premack, 1965). One incident stands out in my mind when a third grade teacher told a student that if he completes his homework, he will be able to remove his name from the â€Å"completed homework† sign outside the classroom. The teacher explained to me, that this particular student dislikes the fact that his name is up on the board, so she pairs doing homework with the favorable act of removing his name. Having his name on the board was supposed to be a reinforcement for doing homework, however Slavin mentions that if the behavior does not increase or decrease in frequency with the reinforcement than it is not necessarily a reinforcement (Slavin, 143). Behavioral Learning Theories are quite established and they are useful in changing behaviors. It is important to acknowledge however, that the theory has its limitation. Mainly, because of its focus on observable behaviors, other more abstract and conceptual learning remains unspoken. However, Social Learning theory helps bridge the gap between the behavioral and cognitive prospective (Slavin, pg 159). —————————————————————————————————————————— Appendix: 1)Slavin, R. E. (2006). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (8th ed. ). Boston: Pearson. 2)Premack, D. (1965). Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine, Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: Univeristy of Nebraska Press. How to cite Behavioral Learning Theories Applied, Essays

Teacher/Training Cycle free essay sample

Describe what your role, responsibilities and boundaries would be in terms of the teacher/training cycle Identifying needs and planning Designing Assessing Evaluating Facilitating The role, responsibilities and functions of the teacher can be identified in the following sections of the teacher/training cycle; Identifying needs and planning Preparation is extremely important for any classroom situation and it is important to establish lesson plans for the session and also any materials that are required. Identifying the needs of the students who will be attending will help in the preparation.Information such as prior experience they have of the subject matter and any special requirements or needs that the student has will enable me to personalise and tailor the session to the group. Designing Materials for use within the classroom must be designed to ensure that they are fit for purpose. They must be clear, concise, accurate and be easily used by the students within the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher/Training Cycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Any impairments of students should be considered for example some students with visual impairments may require hand-outs in larger fonts.Lessons should be designed to incorporate the different learning styles of students. The content of any learning materials/session plans should be professional and up to date which means that I must continually keep up to date and carry out CPD to make sure that the content of sessions is relevant. Facilitating To ensure that I effectively facilitate learning within the classroom I should be prepared and confident with the session plan, materials and the content and I must be professional at all times.It is important when facilitating to establish ground rules with the students and to set expectations and allowing the students to contribute to this. Setting expectations allows students to see how the session will be run and what they should get out of it. I must ensure that the students feel safe and comfortable within the classroom and I also must make them feel included. Being approachable, friendly and open should allow students to feel comfortable enough to express their views and opinions.I must also get to know and understand students and understand different learning styles that they have and incorporate different styles to enable learning. Being adaptable when facilitating learning is crucial and being able to change the lesson to suit the students and their learning this will enable me to tailor the lesson to the audience. A key responsibility of mine will be to ensure the welfare and wellbeing of the students within the classroom and to challenge any inappropriate behaviour. Assessing

The Giver Newbery Medal Winner free essay sample

The Giver by Lois Lowry-1994 Newbery Medal Winner I chose The Giver by Lois Lowry because according to the American Library Association, it is one of the most challenged books in the nation. The Giver was written by Lois Lowry, published in 1993, and awarded a Newbery Medal for that year. It is a controversial book because of its violent and sexual passages that some adults have deemed inappropriate for children, as well as for its mature themes of euthanasia, infanticide, and suicide. However, I believe The Giver is a great book for children because it allows for them to learn and explore their own beliefs on controversial issues. The Giver is a deserving book for the Newbery Medal because it follows the basic guidelines of being published in English in the United States, is an â€Å"original, stand-alone work† by the author, and it also relates to young readers and contributes to American literature through its mature themes, original plot, strong, central characters, and utopia-like setting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver Newbery Medal Winner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In The Giver, the characters live in a place that seems like an ideal world, one where there is no poverty, war, disease or suffering. Everything is in order and under control, and the people have no worries or cares. The community cannot see color and there are no climatic variations. To ensure that the devastation of the world and the past is not relived, the community is isolated from the rest of the world, also known as Elsewhere†. To keep the community a cohesive unit, everyone is assigned a position to uphold. The main character is a twelve-year-old boy named Jonas, who is selected by the community to be the â€Å"Receiver of Memories†. Only the â€Å"Giver† knows the truth and memories of the past, and now he must pass on the burden of these memories to Jonas through the process of touch. According to the ALSC organization, The Giver must have distinguished qualities to receive the Newbery Medal, meaning it is marked by conspicuous excellence and is individually distinct. The Giver must also display a respect for children’s understandings, abilities, and appreciations. This book has its own eminence not only because of the story itself, but also because it has become known as controversial and challenging. The Giver contains two powerful themes, both of which help children understand the importance of freedom in their lives. The main theme asserts that when total security is achieved, freedom is ultimately sacrificed. A secondary theme illustrates the concept that emotions can only truly be experienced if opposing, negative emotions can also be experienced. This is the reason why the position of â€Å"Receiver† is necessary. The people in the community have stopped feeling or truly experiencing any emotions. Only the Receiver can truly feel anything because he has the memories of the bad as well as the good. The community lives only in the present, which gives the people a narrow perspective of life. The people are naive and have no ability for intellectual growth because they cannot gain knowledge from past memories. Our memories are an integral part of what makes each of us unique and special. Memories help us understand our past and hopefully learn from it to create a better future. Denied those kinds of memory, the people in The Giver are unable to form individual identities and make real connections to others. It is essential that children understand the idea that it is okay to make mistakes when they are growing up because from negative experiences comes growth, learning, and positive experiences. In order for these themes to be credible and eminent, they must be illustrated by strong, believable central characters like Jonas. Jonas has the qualities it takes to be a good friend, and these are the qualities that young readers can recognize and identify with. To better understand the themes contained in this book, it is crucial that children understand the setting of the community that has resulted by taking away all unpleasant influences and memories. When Jonas is escaping his secure world at the end, and Lowry describes the new setting he is traveling into, young readers are able to appreciate and understand how much of their physical world they take for granted—a world Jonas has never experienced first-hand. This book seems best suited for children of middle school years or older, since the themes it explores are too complex to be fully appreciated by younger readers. Children in their middle school years struggle with roles of independence as they are growing up—they want to be independent and free to pursue their own interests, but they also want someone else to take care of them and keep them from experiencing pain or sadness. This book is valuable to children because it can help them better understand the principles of freedom and security and the importance each holds in their lives now and in the future. The story of The Giver and the character of Jonas teaches children the dangers of allowing the desire for security to overwhelm freedom of choice. The book ends on an ambiguous note, and Lowry leaves it up to readers to decide what happens to Jonas. This helps foster creativity in young readers and promotes discussion because ultimately the reader has some freedom of choice and they can draw their own conclusions about what happened to Jonas. Themes of independence, courage, and growth are popular among Newbery Medal winners. Lois Lowry also won a Newbery Medal for Number the Stars, a story that focuses on themes of friendship, bravery, and the courage to escape Denmark during the Nazi occupation. The Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Patterson portrays realistic emotions, relationships, and friendships, and helps children understand how to cope with problems, such as death—contrasting the society in The Giver, where emotions and death are avoided. Themes of discovery and identity are even explored in From the Mixed Up Files of Mrs. Basil E Frankweiler by E. L. Konigsburg, an exciting, mystery of a girl who wants change in her life and to run away from her current world. No matter what the setting or plot of the story, Newberry Medal winners address the constant inner and outer struggles that children go through as they grow up. All of these books are Newbery Medal winners because they are not only entertaining for children to read, but they actually have an impact on children’s lives and help them learn about the experiences they will encounter in their daily lives. The actions some adults take to ban The Giver takes away the freedom of speech, the freedom to read, the freedom of expression, and the freedom to learn and explore—abilities we want our children to possess as they grow up. The banning of The Giver is ironically similar to the actions of the community—taking away all freedom, choice, and controversy—and enhances the idea that a seemingly good and â€Å"perfect† world in reality creates a stifling dystopia. The Giver teaches children that massive destruction is not only caused by wars, it is also caused in other ways. It is caused when human principles are repressed. We can massively destroy ourselves by destroying love, choice and liberty. In conclusion, The Giver is a deserving Newbery Medal winner because of its complex themes, its believable, powerful writing style, its carefully built plot, and its completely realized world. Children are encouraged to view events from Jonah’s perspective, and explore the community, ideas, events, and experiences that shape his identity, and then further shape their own.

Heart Of Darkness By Conrad essays

Heart Of Darkness By Conrad essays In the novella Heart if Darkness by Joseph Conrad Marlow and Kurtz undergo similar journeys through the most evil and dark regions of their psyche; however, Marlow is able to realize the darkness inside him and retain his soul before he reverts to a savage animal-like Kurtz has. Marlows disillusionment begins as he arrives on the shore of Africa. When he first arrives on the coast of Africa he sees a large warship bombarding the overgrown forest that has encroached on the beach. This firing is random and is only pointless destruction. He sees the natives, and the people view them as their enemies. Marlow thinks of them as enemies at first, however when he sees them up close he thinks they are nothing more than "black shadows of disease and starvation." Marlow sees the natives clinging to the shade which seems cooler and peaceful but when he enters the shade he realizes it is actually "a gloomy circle of some inferno." Marlow identifies with Kurtz finding many of the same qualities that Kurtz has in himself. Marlow idolizes Kurtz. Marlow sees a freeness and rebellious quality he wishes he could possess. Marlow sees that Kurtz has embraced his savage side when he goes and travels with the native savages. Marlow shows he has the savage qualities as well when he follows Kurtz into the forest, but not to the extreme Kurtz has. Marlow also shows his savageness when he is first in Africa when he and his men are carrying a dead man. One of his men expects to see Marlow kill someone, this man sees that Marlow has the potential to kill a man. Marlow realizes that Kurtz is a savage by his actions and behavior. First Marlow is horrified by the human heads on the poles outside his house. Marlow is also outraged and upset when Kurtz threatened to kill him if he did not give him the ivory. Kurtz is willing to kill over a small amount of ivory. Kurtzs viciousness is shown when he threatens him; because Kurtz does no...

Why Black and Minority Ethnics seem not to accept mainstream Essay

Why Black and Minority Ethnics seem not to accept mainstream opportunities like The Princes Trust 12 week development Programme - Essay Example llege students in the UK is the Princes Trust 12 week programme which â€Å"features confidence building, team events, challenges, outdoor activities and fundraising events† (The Birmingham Post, 2006). The program intends to give students from minority communities a chance to gain practical skills that would make a real difference to their community. But in spite of this promise, the statistics pertaining to student enrolment into this programme paints a disappointing picture. The rest of this essay will delve deeper into the underlying causes for this situation. Firstly, despite several flaws inherent in the 12-Week personal development programme, it has had its share of success as well. For instance, a team of young students participating in a Princes Trust 12-week programme run at Bournville College â€Å"chose to revamp the neglected memorial garden at Witton Cemetery. The memorial garden was created after the Second World War as a tribute to civilians who had lost their lives and was in desperate need of a facelift. Countless visitors have come to pay their respects since the gardens restitution, with its upkeep actively undertaken by many local residents.† (The Birmingham Post, 2006) Talking on the occasion of the team’s success, Steve Perkins of the Prince’s Trust noted that â€Å"this team is a great example of how a diverse group of people can learn to look at things in an entirely new way. The enthusiasm and commitment they put into this project after initially showing signs of apathy, has been exceptional." (Coventry Evening Telegraph, 2008) The story of one particular team member, Danny McErlean, who comes from an ethnic minority background, is quite exceptional. Having left school in his early teens and later running away from his home, Danny found refuge in youth hostels for a while. Throughout these years he was also involved in petty offences and drug abuse. It was in this troubled condition that the 12-Week programme offer came his way.

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing - Research Paper Example As Pete, the new Managing Director, points out customers do not find even venue enticing anymore. Before shops are given a fresh look to make them more attractive, it is essential to decide which class of the customers, the company wants to target at – such as business class or young couples who want to pass leisure time or ‘as a local community store working closely with neighbourhood partners as Pete points out. Kotler describes ‘product positioning’ as an essential marketing tool to carve a suitable niche as the company cannot hope to serve all segments of the market simultaneously. Product positioning will also help decide advertising campaign and brand positioning keeping in mind the targeted class of customers using scarce resources most judiciously. As Kotler emphasizes that the company needs to shift its focus on buyer wants rather than its needs. Product differentiation is a key strategy that the Roast needs to adopt in its services, product offerings with numerous varieties in its menu so that customers have several options to choose from. Thus, distinguishing company’s product line from the competition is a key marketing strategy that can play a pivotal role to attract targeted customers. Services also play an important role in differentiating with the competition so the company must focus on it as an integral part of the product differentiation strategy. Employees are considered the biggest asset in any organization and they play a pivotal role in success or failure of any organization (Schofield, 2006).

An argument on The Basic Law and the Limits of Toleration Essay

An argument on The Basic Law and the Limits of Toleration - Essay Example Liberalism strives to create justifiable criteria for determining what courses or options of actions are justifiable out of a person’s set of feasible actions, or added to improve its significance, and options that people can legally pursue (Schmitt 147). A person’s ability to make law for his or herself does not imply that the results of actions will be wise. In the name of liberty, they will begin doing weird things, in their privacies, and then complain about life being boring. According liberalism, liberty has a significant meaning only if it includes the freedom to do things that everyone does not agree with. These are the actions that the liberals have to tolerate. This is what is referred to as liberal tolerance (Schmitt 145). Annette Schmitt, in his article â€Å"The Basic Law and the Limits of Tolerance† is determined to assess whether a constitution that allows the suspension of individual rights (Art. 18GG), and the prohibition of parties (Art. 21.2 GG ) deserves to be labeled as a liberal-democratic constitution (Schmitt 149). Schmitt performs this assessment based on the analytical framework created by the liberal concept of toleration. Tolerance is only meaningful, within the liberal concept theory if it has certain limits. ... e is natural law created by Creator to, which everyone is entitled to, and it is the duty of a state (society) to protect these rights (Benvindo 333). Some of these rights include: equality before the law; freedom of expression; freedom of assembly and association; freedom of faith; of conscience, and of creed; right of property, of asylum, and of petition; right to life, and the right to privacy of correspondence, posts and telecommunications (Schmitt 149). These rights are stipulated in Art. 1 GG. It asserts that Human dignity shall not be violated, and it is the duty of a society (state) to respect and protect these rights (Schmitt 150). The content of Art. 1 GG, may not be altered at all, like Art.2 to 17 GG whose contents may not be altered as long as their essential content is concerned. This is because Art. 1 to 17 GG are not ordinary programmatic statements, but directly applicable laws (Schmitt 149). According to the basic law, anybody who feels that his or her rights have b een violated with a judicial ruling, a statute enacted by parliament, and a decree issued by the administration has the legal rights to present his or her complains before the Federal Constitutional Court. In this case, Schmitt feels that the parliament, local administration, and the judiciary are responsible for suspending or prohibiting an individual’s right, which the citizens feel that is not objectionable (Rogowski & Gawron 25). A state is tolerant if it accepts to puts up with its citizens doing certain objectionable things. However, it has the freedom to stop tolerating these actions. The first stage in â€Å"stopping tolerating† is â€Å"Start prohibiting†. A state may decide to prohibit certain courses of actions if it finds that certain rights are objectionable. When a state

Diversity commitment at Toyota

Diversity commitment at Toyota DIVERSITY AT TOYOTA Toyota commitment to diversity is built into every area of their business. Everything what they have done was rooted into two fundamental principles â€Å"Respect for people and continuous improvement†. This belief has been supported by work from the United Nations, which explains diversity efforts in the workplace facilitate the exchange of new perspectives, improve problem-solving by inviting different ideas and create a respectful, accepting work environment, all of which make good business sense (Reichenberg 2001). Taken together, the achievements and pledges summarized under the following key business areas represent Toyota 21st Century Diversity Strategy, a ten-year, multi-billion dollar sustainable commitment to minority participation in the Toyota of today and tomorrow. Diversity can be expressed in different ways, such as nationalities, worldviews, gender and minorities, cultures, skills and life styles. In general, studies tell us that no matter how diversity is expressed, it benefits with societies that foster it (Cf. for example, Florida, 2002). Toyota was named to DiversityInc.s 2006 Top 50 Companies for Diversity list in recognition of its commitment to diversity and to fostering an inclusive corporate culture. In its first time competing for this recognition, Toyota ranked 29th on the list. The DiversityInc top-50 list is considered to be the most in-depth analysis of U.S. corporate diversity management and leadership. Toyota was also named to Black Enterprises 2006 Best Companies fo r Diversity list in celebration of exemplifying the best practices in diversity across North America. Structure Over the next 10 years, Toyota will invest a multibillion dollar in diversity and align diversity with its mission to provide equal opportunity. Toyota way, the diversity strategy represents a fundamental sea change in the way Toyota do business and think about doing business. For Toyota, diversity is an opportunity to continuous improvement in every aspect of business and to show their respect for people. Employment After issue about Jesse L. Jackson Toyota announced a $7.8 billion 10 year diversity program for its U.S. operations. Partnered with INROADS to provide internships to talented minority youth interested in becoming Toyota team members after graduating from college established an automotive training centre in Los Angeles, which has trained more than 1,400 minority candidates for careers as automotive service technicians. Advertising Hired Asian, Hispanic and African-American advertising agencies to help ensure we are reaching our multiple diverse audiences effectively. Procurement In 2002, Toyota spends $700 million with minority owned businesses. Toyota seeks long term quality relationships with its business partners and suppliers. Partners and suppliers are considered part of the Toyota family and are an integral part of the legendary Toyota supply chain management network. Source: http://www.toyota.com/about/diversity/21stcenturyplan.pdf Dealer Representation When it comes to Toyota dealerships, their aim is clear to have the best dealers in the industry selling the best products in the world. This philosophy extends to Toyotas minority dealership program and is the reason Toyotas dealer diversity program is one of the most successful in the industry. Retail Diversity Initiatives Toyota is committed to helping talented minorities prepare themselves for leadership positions within the retail automotive sector. Toyota pledges $1 million to partner with Toyota Lexus dealers to help recruit, train, and develop minority employees for dealership management and technical position. Automotive Training Centres In 1993, Toyota created the Los Angeles Urban League Automotive Training Centre (ATC). This joint venture with the Los Angeles Urban League provides no cost job training and placement for unemployed and underemployed urban residents in the automotive industry. The program has graduated 850 trainees who have gone on to secure entry level jobs. The economic impact of this program has exceeded $20 million to date. Starting in 2002, Toyota will replicate the success of the Los Angeles ATC by opening a similar training facility in the eastern United States. Over the years, it too will have a significant economic impact of hundreds of millions of dollars. Community Involvement One of the most significant aspects of Toyotas diversity activities is its support of minority organizations. Among these are United Negro College Fund, Hispanic Scholarship Fund and our trademark Toyota Community Scholars program. Toyota also provides funding and volunteers to the 100 Black Men Young Black Scholars program. Conclusion and recommendation Toyota sees diversity as a pathway to create a better Toyota. Success in diversity gives Toyota access to the best and the brightest. It creates opportunities for new partnerships. Diversity allows Toyota the ability to fully participate in todays changing marketplace. Diversity gives Toyota additional ways to make a difference and to earn the respect of all of their communities. In short, it provides Toyota with a new way to fulfil its mission to become the most successful and respected car company in America. On a negative side, according to Jobvent.com, a website which rates employers, Toyota is believed to pay well but its workers find it difficult to maintain a good work-life balance. Despite good pay and benefits, the employees also feel a strong lack of respect for them as no one speak to them and they dont feel acknowledged unless they are managers and have to work a minimum 9-10 hours a day being a Japanese company

A Citizen of New York City :: Journalism Media Studies Influenza Health Essays

A Citizen of New York City I am proud to be a citizen of New York City. I am especially proud in this time of war, when so many of our brothers, sons, nephews, and friends are off fighting for this fine country of ours. It is saddening to see the countless obituaries of not only those killed in the war, but also of those whose lives have been taken [by] this epidemic that seems to have an insatiable hunger for human lives. I, along with numerous of my fellow citizens, have become more and more distraught to see the amount of death and destruction that has entered this fine city along with the war and this epidemic of influenza, both of which have created a dark cloud that casts a constant shadow over us all. It is frightening to see those you know and love become sick and die so very quickly, sometimes without any warning at all. Those of us that are still alive, wake up every morning and face each new day wondering whether or not we are going to live through the day. After all, there have been nearly 40 0,000 that have died in the last three months, and who knows how many of those people woke up thinking they were going to live long lives. In a time such is this, one would hope to be able to turn to those that are most trusted in the field of medicine: our family doctors, health commissioners, even the surgeon general. I find that quite the contrary is taking place. Just the other day I read an article whose title perfectly describes my concern: "Health Officers Split on Influenza Scourge: American Public Health Association Unable to Agree on Prevention or Cure." The American Public Health Association, above all, should be the first to come to calm [the] public with some kind of prevention, if not a cure. But it is obvious that this is not the case. In fact, they are not even able to come up with a plan to combat this influenza bug. If they do not even have a plan, how were they able to claim different epidemics required separate treatments? Why should the citizens of this city believe this statement, coming from people who have not been able to come up with even one treatment, never mind the separate treatments they claim are required?

Linear Equation and Boarding Rate

Linear Equations in the real world Problem 1)  A cab company charges a $3 boarding rate in addition to its meter which is $2 for every mile. What is  the equation of the line  that represents this cab company's rate? | Problem 2)  A cab company charges a $5 boarding rate in addition to its meter which is $3 for every mile. What is  the equation of the line  that represents this cab company's rate? | Slope of this line  : 3 y-intercept of line: 5 Equation of this line(slope intercept form)  : y = 3x +5 Problem 3)  A cab company charges a $3 boarding rate in addition to its meter which is $? for every mile. What is  the equation of the line  that represents this cab company's rate? | Slope of this line  : ? y-intercept of line: 3 Equation of this line(slope intercept form)  : y = ? x +3 Problem 4)  A cab company charges a $4 boarding rate in addition to its meter which is $ ? for every mile. What is  the equation of the line  that represents this cab company's rate? | Slope of this line  : ? y-intercept of line: 4 Equation of this line(slope intercept form)  : y = ? x + 4 Problem 5)  A cab company does not charge a boarding fee but then has a meter of $4 an hour. What  equation  represents this cab company's rate? | Slope of this line  : 4 y-intercept of line: 0 Equation of this line(slope intercept form)  : y = 4x Problem 6)  A cab company does not charge a boarding fee but then has a meter of $4 an hour. What  equation  represents this cab company's rate? | Slope of this line  : 4 y-intercept of line: 0 Equation of this line(slope intercept form)  : y = 4x Problem7)  A cab company charges a $1 boarding fee and has a meter of $1/3 an hour. What  equation  represents this cab company's rate? | Slope of this line  : 1/3 y-intercept of line: 1 Equation of this line(slope intercept form)  : y = 1/3x+1 Need help with this page's topic? | At how many mnutes do both companies charge the same amount? | Never, the slope of the graphs of their rates is the same. Parallel lines  never intersect. | | At how many minutes do both companies charge the same amount? | 20 Minutes| | |

African Americans and Freedom essays

African Americans and Freedom essays In 1865, after the  Civil War, the United States became a united and powerful nation with a strong national government. Andrew Johnson set policies which were different for black and white people. According to Walter L. Fleming in The Mississippi Black Code," laws were passed after the  Civil War  that drastically limited civil rights  and the liberties  of black people. In the beginning, freedmen and black people faced discrimination, violence, and segregation, but black leaders continued working diligently and with the passage of time, equality took form. Black Code is used to refer to legislation which was passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor and movement of slaves.  During 1865, every Southern state passed Black Codes that restricted the  freedman. These codes gave African Americans certain rights: such as legalized marriage, ownership of property and limited access to the courts, but denied them the rights to testify against whites, to serve on juries or in state militias, or to vote and express legal concern publicly. This document was written by Fleming during 1906 1907. The author wrote this article to explain the history of black people and about their troubles they had faced during the reconstruction period. When white people make their government, they made their own rules. According to Vagrant Law in sec 2, state of Mississippi required all black persons to sign yearly labor contract but not white citizens. The reason was that white people wanted to keep black people under their controls. They want to keep all black people as slave. Thats why black people used to get low wages and they could not leave the job because if they did, they would have been arrested and got fined, which was more than 10 dollars and less than 100 dollars. Furthermore, they were facing discrimination for everything. Freedmen and black people were not allowed to marry white girls. If ...

Was the Gulf war a just war essays

Was the Gulf war a just war essays In 1991 the new international order is threatened by one man, Saddam Hussain, who has deliberately broken the international rules by aggressing one of his Arab neighbours Kuwait. A far-reaching decision is then taken : to declare war on Iraq. More than 10 years later, the situation in the Gulf region remains unsolved. This observation raises a question : What was the use of a war in 1991 if the international order is still in jeopardy 10 years later Was the Gulf War a just war Then the concept of just war reappears suddenly. But the notion is far from being a new one. It pervades the western tradition on war from Saint Augustine to Grotius and later on the international law. This doctrine provides us with two useful elements : One the one hand, the concept of jus as bellum addresses the question of the justification of force ; On the other hand, the concept of jus in bellum concerns the restraints and limits on how force may be use. Thus are expressed the criteria to define whether or not a war is just. We can justify the use of force thanks to the concepts of just cause, last resort, right authority, and proportionality. First, what is a just cause In the tradition, for a just cause to exist, the purpose of the war must be done to redress in some way a wrong done by the enemy2. More specifically in the XXe century, the International Law has gradually reduced the acceptable justification of war to one - Defence, which implies the notion of second use of force and that of aggression. But how is aggression recognised Article 1 : Aggression is the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State. Article 5 : No consideration of whatever nature, whether political, economic, military or otherwise, may serve as a justification for In the case of the Gulf War, the Iraqi...

One or Two continuing effects of slavery on our culture Essay

One or Two continuing effects of slavery on our culture - Essay Example The objective of this paper is to discern the nature of the damage and destruction, the particular institutions, persons, practices and policies that contributed to the lingering effects of slavery. The degree of the harm and its continuing effects is broad and includes most, if not all, of American society and its government. Just as white Americans have benefited from education, life experiences, and wealth that were handed down to them by their ancestors, so too have African Americans been harmed by the institution of slavery. The fruits of their labor were stolen from them; their African culture, heritage, family, language and religion were denied from them; their self-identity and self-worth were destroyed by repression and hatred. Sociologist Glenn C. Loury noted that "The severity of slavery's injury is far more profound than any cash transfer will be able to reverse." Furthermore, Loury has written of the immense task of how "teasing out underlying implications across the centuries of procedural violations" is difficult. Giving "compensation for identifiable historical wrongs" for specific individual actions may be possible; a procedural account "cannot possibly work for broad social violations..." Throughout the Americas, work impos... Giving "compensation for identifiable historical wrongs" for specific individual actions may be possible; a procedural account "cannot possibly work for broad social violations..." Throughout the Americas, work imposed as punishment for entire groups and generations of peoples were nearly all of their waking hours in furnishing the conveniences, caprices and luxuries of a diverse metropolitan (Paupp, 2003). The new urban poverty housed so many African-Americans who are still locked in segregated areas that are less favorable to employment and employment preparation than other areas of the city, where weak formal employment networks lead toward greater social isolation and exclusion, there exist a corresponding decline and reduction in their chances for acquiring human capital skill and adequate educational training. Most urban and labor economists learned the fact that employment in manufacturing has diminished in central cities, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. Strong connection of poverty and unemployment is the major significance of this trend for African-Americans. The federal government withholds mortgage capital and makes it hard for urban areas to retain or attract families able to purchase their own home, manipulates market incentives which draws middle-class whites into the suburbs and, in effect, trapping blacks in the inner cities. Some government policies are also causal factors in the height of unemployment rate in the inner cities and other underlying areas, directly and indirectly. The distinction from central business districts, the uprooting of many black communities by urban renewal and forced migration, the displacement of many poor people from their homes to accommodate highway

Leaf Litter Decomposition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leaf Litter Decomposition - Assignment Example Moreover, the experiment expected the tree species not to harbour the different soil animals. The maple and European Buckthorn are initially wet. Eventually they become very wet implying that the tree species harbour the soil animals. On the other hand, the maple and the European Buckthorn are greener and in regular sizes but eventually they decompose. This implies that the tree species decomposed. 2. Discuss what factors, that you observed, that may contribute leaf decomposition. What factors may contribute but were not measured? What was the average (&standard deviation) mass lost for each species? Where did the mass loss go? The observed factors that contribute to decomposition are the soil moisture and the plant composition. Temperature is also a factor which contributes to decomposition but it was not considered in this experiment. The wood decay is associated with the decay of the roots. The roots are the sole suppliers of moisture and nutrients to the entire plant hence they impact on the development of roots. Thus, the decay rates of woods will be similar to that of the leaves since the leaves obtain moisture and nutrients from the woods; whenever the woods are affected, the leaves are equally affected. Logging of trees results to the release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Thus, the rate of decomposition of the floor area is relatively lower than normal since the presence of lignin in the leaves lowers the decomposition rate. The concepts of this experiment fully relates with the concepts of a composting program such as the one found in the City of Toronto since everything revolves around composting. Thus, composting can be defined us the natural process or procedures which are meant to decompose the organic substances into a one rich soil which can be named as the compost. This experiment describes the concept such as

Social and Cultural Impact on the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro Essay

Social and Cultural Impact on the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro - Essay Example â€Å"Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil is home to the world's most famous carnival, and what many people consider to be the world's biggest and best party. The basis of Rio’s Carnival is the samba schools, which social clubs are named after the famous Brazilian samba dance† (Richard 2011). Samba schools are found in various places of Rio de Janeiro, and competition between them is fierce. Members work all through the year to make the best floats, themes, costumes, and dance performances. â€Å"Education and rehabilitation are among the primary responsibilities that these samba schools undertake† (About Rio Samba Schools: Understand Overview of Samba Schools 2011). During the four day carnival, schools parade and struggle against each other in the Sambadrome, a building that can hold nearly 60,000 spectators. Millions of people get involved in merry making all through the city, especially on Rio's famous beaches, Copacabana and Ipanema. â€Å"Rio de Janeiro and the carn ival the two attractions are inseparable. Although the carnival in Rio is very commercial nowadays, it still is the carnival in Brazil, even though there are more authentic celebrations held elsewhere. Five days of samba and partying make the event as famous over the world as the World Cup or Olympics. Rio de Janeiro is also an attraction worth of seeing† (Tourism in Brazil Essay 2012). Social Impact on the Carnival of Rio De Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro is remembered for its strange natural beauty and excitement of popular culture. â€Å"Carnival has a different effect on each person, but it was created just with one objective for everyone, and that is to have a lot of fun, to forget our routine life, worries, responsibilities and to adventure at least once in our lives, because this experience no one will ever forget† (Kathyvargas 2004). The city is also marked by tremendous differences, reflecting a high degree of social disparity. The gap between the poor and the rich an d their close geographic nearness, characterized Rio. â€Å"Rio de Janeiro has major social problems, in the same neighborhood, such as Gavea for example, there is a difference that has developed over 60 years. Opposing realities are seen within a few meters of each other. On one side we have the upper class, with its mansions and high levels of education, and on the other side groups who in poor conditions, living in shacks, without even a basic education† (Social Problems in Rio De Janeiro 2012). This chasm of disparity makes many other impacts in the day-to-day city life. Crime, violence, police corruption, drug trafficking, deficiencies in health, inefficient transportation systems defective and education form the crux of Rio’s daily routine. The city has high levels of crime, particularly homicides. â€Å"Between 1978 and 2000, almost 50,000† (The Top 10 Most Dangerous City Breaks 2012) citizens were killed in Rio, the majority of victims being affected by stray bullets, and drug trafficking. There is a huge burden of teenage homicides, the age for the majority at risk in the drug gangs for and those who endure most from police fighting. â€Å"In 2010, Rio received 800.000 visitors during carnival which represents an R$ 950 million industry for the city† (Carnival of Rio De Janeiro 2012). Urban violence is an increasing problem that that has influenced every

Online Social Network Bring More Benefits Than Harm for Teens Essay Example for Free

Online Social Network Bring More Benefits Than Harm for Teens Essay Social networking is even used to prove the legitimacy or credibility of the individual. From entertainment, information to career improvement, social networking has practically changed the way people communicate and interact online. But social networks still have to face certain challenges especially on the users’ end since these challenges could harm users and the social network’s reputation. It is important for users of social network to consider these issues that surround the social network. By remembering these challenges, users will be able to protect themselves from negative repercussions on some issues on social network. Privacy as the Main Concern The number one problem users as well as social network administrators face everyday is security. It can happen in any given time with or without the user online. Attacks on different social networking website are always a possibility because the data protected by social networks are too precious to be ignored by attackers. Viruses, spywares and worms that aim to crawl through security protocols of social networks are constantly threatening social networks. Considerable time and resources are always spent by social networks in order to maintain privacy of their users. A single attack could make every user vulnerable to security related problems such as identity theft. Information Access Access to social networking websites varies. Some website will allow any user to access information of persons even though they are not part of the user’s network while some social network prohibit access to any form of information without confirmation from the profile owner. Problems regarding information access could be completely controlled by user but unauthorized access could still happen especially for those who are just starting to understand the rules of different social networks. Updated Notification Every social network provides real time notification usually through email if there are any changes in the user’s profile. But most notifications are very limited and they are usually on the positive things that happened on the social network. For example, when a request to connect is asked, the user will automatically be notified through email or any messaging system the user prefers. But social networks will never inform the user if someone willingly removes their connection. This is done to avoid confrontations between users which significantly affect the relationship. Misuse of Social Networks Unfortunately, there are those who use social network for scams and other illegal purposes. There have been reports around the world that social networks are used to spread rumors, lies or degrading messages that could affect the person’s reputation. â€Å"Cyber bullying† or an act of being hostile to another user online has also been observed in some social networks. This type of actions should never be allowed in any social network. Users have to be careful on the veracity of the data they receive and to take actions as soon as possible as soon as something undesirable is found on social networks. Protection for Children Aside from privacy and misuse of social networks, the vulnerability of minors is also a big problem for all social networks. While some social networks are geared towards adults, most social networks are open to everyone – including minors. Unfortunately, minors on social networks could become targets of sexual predators that can cloak their real identity in different social networks. While some legislators have taken steps in preventing these offenders from using social networks these efforts could be easily curtailed especially when the offender is more than familiar with the internet.

Optically Active Pharmaceutical Compounds Biology Essay

Optically Active Pharmaceutical Compounds Biology Essay The molecules which are non super imposable mirror images of one another are termed as chiral. These are a pair of enantiomers and are diasymmetric as well as optically active. Since they promote optical rotation, these enantiomers are also known as optical isomers. These chiral molecules consist of a tetrahedral carbon atom which is attached to four different groups. The carbon atom is the stereogenic or the asymmetric centre of the molecule. The enantiomers are similar in their physical and chemical properties in an achiral environment. Enantiomers have different biological properties. This influences the efficacy and the toxicity of the compounds. Usually, one of the enantiomers is bioactive and the others may be inactive or toxic. Example, Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment for blood pressure, angina. The (S) isomer treats the increase in BP more effectively than the racemate form. The (R) isoform inhibits resistance of cancer cells to anti cancer drugs (Crosby, 1991). The enantiomerically pure compounds are very useful and vital in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. It has also been shown that the optically pure and chiral compounds should be used rather than mixture of enantiomers. The optically active pure compounds are used to produce antibodies, hormones, anti inflammatory, amino acids, vitamins, anti cancer drugs, cardiovascular drugs. Chiral chromatography or ligand exchange chromatography was an analytical technique used for separating enantiomers. High performance liquid chromatography whereby chiral stationary phase is used was efficient in separation of enantiomers. The optically active ligands like amino acids are bound covalently to a solid support, thereby forming a chiral stationary phase. Various amino acid derivatives like N -(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) phenyl glycines are also used.(Pirkle and Pochapsky,1987). The major advantage of chromatography is that it results in high enantiomeric excess and is suitable on the analytical scale. However, its drawback is that the scale up is difficult. The production of enantiomers for optically active drugs may be produced by different methods. Pure compounds are recovered by various extraction techniques from chiral compounds (alkaloids, carbohydrates) exist as pure enantiomers naturally. Fermentation of cheap substrates which are available in abundance (like molasses and sucrose) was a widely used source of single chiral molecules lactic, tartaric and L- amino acids and also for complex substances which include vitamins, antibiotics and hormones.(Buchta,1983). Optically pure compounds may be prepared from inactive starting materials by asymmetric synthesis and resolution of racemates. In the process of asymmetric synthesis (Stinson,1993) an enantiomeric reagent or catalyst is used for carrying out a specific reaction on an achiral substrate (prochiral) to produce a single chiral product. Overall, it is a selective technique as it leads to product selectivity. Its disadvantages are that it may be expensive due to the numerous steps involved and also because of the use of costly enantiomeric reagents. It is cheaper to produce a racemic mixture and then separate the enantiomers by physical methods like kinetic resolution or diastereomeric crystallization. Covalent derivatives are formed using optically pure resolving agents in the diastereomic crystallization method. The drawback is that it is wasteful since the unwanted isomer may be discarded. On the other hand, kinetic resolution is based on the principle that two enantiomers react at vari able rates in the presence of a chiral catalyst like an enzyme. This method involves product selectivity. Biotransformation has also become a key technology used to produce chiral substances. It was used by many companies Eg. Celgene Corporation developed procedures to produce amines by using amino transferase (Celgene corporation,1990).The main advantage of this procedure is that it allows 100% theoretical conversion of the substrate into the final product. Membrane chirotechnology is also a widely used method for producing optically pure isomers. In this procedure, the membrane itself maybe intrinsically enantioselective. This means that the membrane represents a chiral system that separates the desired isomers on the basis of spatial conformation. On the other hand, a membrane separation process may be combined with kinetic resolution by making use of an enantiospecific biocatalyst.That is, the membrane helps in the separation of the product from the substrate on the basis of their chemical properties like solubility. Enantiospecific catalytic membrane reactors may also be used. These comprise of membrane processes which are advantageous as they have the ability to work in a continuous mode and enormous amounts of material could be processes at once. The competitive production of chiral substances requires a large scale, cheap process for the production and separation of the enantiomers. Eg. Pyridoxal phosphate dependant lyase and transferase were used as catalyst in the synthesis of L- amino acid via the carbon carbon bond formation. (Sheldon,1993) The widely used enantiospecific membrane reactors are ultrafiltration hollow fibre membrane reactor (Responsible for production of L phenylalanine by using dehydrogenase catalyst (Schimdt et al, 1987) ) immobilized enzyme membrane reactor, packed bed continuous bioreactor, biphasic membrane reactor etc. Ultra filtration, electrodialysis and membrane extraction are common separation processes that are combined with biotransformation. Matson and Quinn(1979) showed the optimization in production of amino acids enantiomers and studied the separation of L amino acids from the racemate solution by making use of an impregnated liquid membrane alone with an enzyme immobilised membrane. Production of L-phenylalanine from racemic mixture of D,L phenyl lactate was shown by 2 consecutive biotransformation in an enzyme membrane reactor whereby the enzyme and cofactor(NAD/H) had been compartmentalised behind an ultra filtration membrane.(Schmidt et al, 1987). Intrinsically enantioselective membranes are also widely used. Substances which are optically active can be separated on the basis of there physical stereo selectivity. Polymeric membranes having the enantioselective properties intrinsically may be prepared making use of chiral polymers or by chiral modifications of the achiral porous membrane in the presence of chiral recognition agent like cyclodextrins, cyclophane and oligopeptides. In order to prepare the enantioselective membranes, optically active polyacryl amides and cellulose derivatives may be used. Yoshikawa et al,1996, showed separation of tryptophan, phenylalanine and alanine by ultra filtration using the chiral selector which was molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes(DIDE derivatives). Enzymes have the ability to catalyse a broad spectrum of chemical reactions with great efficiency and selectivity under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. By exploiting the selectivity of enzymes for one form of the enantiomer of a racemic mixture, the enantiomerically enriched compound can be obtained by biocatalytic resolution.(Thomas et al,2002) Most commonly, the hydrolytic enzyme are used since they display a range of advantages like stability, specificity, no requirement of cofactors. Among hydrolases, lipase is most commonly used because of high enantioselectivity, commercial availability and good stability in various media.(Seung Hwan et al,2004) Recently a new technique was introduced to display the peptides and proteins on the surface of gram negative and gram positive bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells. This was done by fusing the peptides to surface anchoring motif; and the technique is known as cell surface display. The cell surface display lipase proved to be an excellent biocatalytic system for the kinetic chiral resolution of the racemic compound. Recent advances have shown the use of enzymes in the synthesis of optically pure drugs and biologically active compounds. Enzymes have the ability to distinguish between the enantiomers of racemic substrates. Various strategies have been developed to improve the stereoselectivity of resolutions catalysed by the enzyme. This includes modification of the substrate, recycling of the product and altering the reaction conditions. By making use of these strategies, enzymes with modest stereoselectivity can also be used but only one enantiomer is produced with high yield. Enzyme can catalyse transformations with high region selectivity and chemo selectivity under mild reactions. This is important in the modification of chiral drugs. Eg. Penicillin acylase causes the hydrolysis of benzyl penicillin without affecting the beta lactam ring and allows the industrial preparation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid which is a precursor for many semi synthetic penicillins. Enzymes (hydrolases) have success fully been used in the synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals, however modern methods of protein engineering and industrial microbiology help in the production of enzymes which are more inexpensive, stable with broad substrate specificity and high stereoselectivity.(Alexey L.Margolin,1993) Catalytic asymmetric synthesis is the asymmetric synthesis that is catalysed by chiral (transition) metal complex. The reactions that are involved are Redox transformations or carbon carbon bond forming processes that complement enzymatic hydrolytic process. The three types of chemo catalysts that exist are heterogenous metal catalyst, homogenous complex and soluble chiral acid or bases. Emil Fishers work on asymmetric induction which was based on cyanohydrin synthesis was the first reaction subjected to asymmetric catalysis. Enantiomerically pure amino acids, amino alcohols, amines, alcohols and epoxides play an important role as intermediates in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industry whereby high level of purity and a large quantity is required. The enantiomerically pure active compounds help in improving the economics of the process, thereby leading to reduced quantities applied and less amount of an environmental impact. Chemical process for the manufacturing of amino acids: Even though asymmetric syntheses of amino acids are known (Michael Breuer et al,2004), no economical process has been developed. Bucherer Bergs sub type which is Strecker synthesis was employed for the industrial manufacturing of the racemic amino acids. The alpha amino nitrile is produced from hydrocyanic acid, ammonia and an aldehyde and may be hydrolysed to the amino acid directly or in the presence of carbon dioxide it gets converted into hydantoin. The hydantoin is then subjected to hydrolysis in a basic media to give the racemic amino acid. Another route to the racemic amino acid is amido carbonylation in the presence of a transition metal. Although, there is no commercially viable chemical process for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure amino acid, the production of racemic amino acid is still of great importance because the racemates may be converted to enantiomerically pure compounds by various biocatalytic methods. The catalysts used in the biotransformation are metabolically inactive cells or isolated enzymes. It is the method of choice for the production of enantiomerically pure D- amino acids and various other non natural amino acids. Lyases may be used as biocatalysts in the production of L- Aspartic acid from fumaric acid (Beller et al,2000). Amino acid dehydrogenase (deaminating amino acid oxido reductase) allows enantioselective biotransformation on an industrial scale. These enzymes have low substrate specificity due to which non natural compounds may also be transformed. In addition, they also require co substrates which help in supplying the hydride ions for the reduction of Schiff base. There is also a chemo enzymatic method for amino acid synthesis. In this, L- amino acid gets oxidised by L- amino acid oxidase. Imine (intermediate) gets reduced by Pd-C in ammonium formate buffer. In the resulting racemic mixture, only L enantiomer is utilised by oxidase where as the D- enantiomer accumulates. Therefore, the enantiomeric form of the amino acid which is produced depends entirely on the specificity of the oxidase. The enantiomerically pure amino acid can also be prepared by the racemate resolution. Eg: L and D amino acid can be prepared with the Hydantoinase-carbamoylase system. Production of carboxylic acids: Carboxylic acid can be isolated from natural sources(chiral pool).Naturally occurring chiral compounds obtained from the chiral pool are an alternative to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure products. An examples of a chiral carboxylic acid that is isolated from the natural sources is L (+) tartaric acid (Mitsugi et al,1978). During the fermentation of grape, the isomeric form of tartaric acid separates out as tartarate (potassium hydrogen tartarate).On reacting with calcium chloride or calcium hydroxide and sulphuric acid, isomeric tartaric acid is released; gypsum and yeast residues occur as the by products. Natural carbohydrate building blocks were used for several decades for the preparation of sugar acids which were enantiomerically pure. Another method is the classical chemical synthesis which involves crystallization with enantiomerically pure amines. The enantiomers of the racemic carboxylic acids are known to separate by fractional crystal lization of the diastereomeric salts which are formed with the enantiomerically pure amines. Eg: Thiazolidine carboxylic acid (enantiomerically pure), an intermediate in the synthesis of CP-060- S is isolated by the resolution of racemate with N- benzyl-1-phenylethylamine. (Pompejus et al, 2001) Production of amines: The chemical process involved is the crystallization with chiral carboxylic acids. Isolation of enantiomerically pure amines can be carried out by the crystallization of diastereomeric salts of chiral carboxylic acids with chiral amines (Jacques et al,1980). Thus (R) or (S) 1- phenylethlyamine may be produced on an industrial scale by the crystallization with either (R)- mandelic acid or (S)- malic acid. Mandelic acid was shown to be an important resolving agent for numerous numbers of amines. Dutch resolution is a variant of the classical racemate resolution. In order to reduce the search for an appropriate resolving agent for an amine through combinatorial approach, a mixture of many optically active acids were used. The salt that was precipitated contained several acid anions. Production of optically active amino alcohols: (S)-2-Aminobutanol is an important amino alcohol intermediate which is used for the synthesis of ethambutol (tuberculostatic)and it must be administered in its enantiomerically pure form as it may lead to blindness. The enantiomerically pure form can be obtained from the racemate by carrying out the crystallization with L-Tartaric acid.(Sheldon et al,1993) Production of alcohols: The main process involved was the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones. Noyori et al showed the development of asymmetric hydrogenation of keto esters and ketones. The catalysts used were ruthenium complexes of binap and derivatives like tol-binap (Akutagawa,1995)and segphos. The biotechnological process is mainly the enzyme catalysed resolution. For the resolution of racemate alcohols, enzymatic acylations were developed in early 1980s.The racemic alcohols are made to react with an acylating agent under enzyme catalysis whereby one enantiomer is unconverted whereas the other enantiomer is esterified. The biocatalysts used are bacterial and fungal lipases. Production of epoxides: This includes sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. The route to the formation of chiral epoxides is based on the optically active diols which may be converted to their respective oxiranes. Another method is the Jacobsen asymmetric epoxidation which is based on (salen) manganese III precatalyst and the hypochlorite is used as the stoichiometric oxidizing agent. The chemical processes may be compared with the biotransformation with respect to the environmental impact and economic efficiency. The drawbacks of the chemical routes are solvent emission or toxicity of certain compounds. On the other hand, chiral technologies are developing rapidly. Highly versatile technologies and procedures are introduced. Most chiral intermediates are produced in minute quantities. Therefore, the criteria that should be considered for the methods introduced are that they should have a broad substrate spectrum, not require specialised equipment and have a cost effective access to a range of products. It is not possible to make general conclusions about the superiority of one type of technology in comparison with the others. The most economic technique will depend on their component which is why each case should be investigated individually. However, in the overall process, the chiral step should be introduced as early as possible but this may be hindered by other factors like racemisation of the unwanted isomer. Membrane chirotechnology is also an emerging technique having several advantages with respect to the purity of simple isomers, productivity and ease of scale up. These techniques have mainly been used at the laboratory scale. Application on a large scale needs more investment especially in developing the experimental set up rather than investigations which have been carried out on chirality that have been developed in the chromatographic field.

last don :: essays research papers

Mario Puzo, the author of many famous mafia books, such as the Godfather, writes the best-selling novel called, â€Å"The Last Don†. â€Å"The Last Don† is about a mafia don, Domenico Clericuizio, who was making arrangements, on the day his grandson and nephew were being christened, for his family to get out of the business and go straight. Don Clericuzio is the head of the most powerful crime family in America. He is a greatly feared man who has built a billion dollar empire, and believes that every debt must be paid and that family comes before anything.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book, which has a very intresting plot, is a hard book to read. I liked this book for many reasons, but I also disliked it. Mario Puzo, trying to make the book as realistic as possible, had the speech in the book sound like a bunch of nonsense. The characters in the book, sounded very uneducated and it took some effort to think about what they meant and were trying to say. I guess it would be easier to watch the story on the television, but reading it is very confusing. I rarely ever read for pleasure, and I guess I picked the wrong book to try it out with. This book had me very frustrated with the language, and it took me a couple of times to get what was going on in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the intresting things about the book, as well as most of the mafia-based stories is the way Puzo can take characters that are big in crime and violence and turn them into likeable characters. In this novel, the majority of the characters are likeable. Cross De Lena, the don’s great nephew, had feelings for Athena, the most beautiful and talented woman in Hollywood. His feelings grew so strong that Cross decides to make movies. This was one of the most surprising part of the novel because Cross’s desire to make movies causes him to take action without his family’s approval, which in return is a major problem that shocked the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is different then other books I have read because, usually I don’t get to pick out a book to read, it is usually assigned to me, so when I started to read a book that interests me, I thought I would be intrigued. I enjoyed reading this book at times, but I felt it was a hard book to get in to.

Cinderella Argument Paper Essay

From generation to generation stories are always changing. Fairy tales like Cinderella go from mean step sisters to nice sisters, fairy god mother to a tree. After reading 5 different versions of Cinderella I had to choose which I would decide to read, above the others to my favorite child. After difficult thinking I have chosen the Walt Disney’s version of Cinderella for many great reasons. I have chosen the Walt Disney’s version because I feel it is the most fitting for children over all the others which are best suitable for older teens. Walt Disney’s version is the ideal story beginning with â€Å"Once upon a time† and ending with â€Å"lived in the palace and were happy ever after, too†. The fairy tale story of pretty girl by the name of Cinderella who lived with her step mother and 2 step sisters who treat her horrible having her cook, clean, and bake, meanwhile having no rights to do anything without her step mother’s permission. A great ball was given by the king, for the prince and every young girl in the kingdom were invited, even Cinderella†¦ Although the nasty step mother told her no. Cinderella cried her heart out, until an older woman appeared in front of her telling her, I am your fairy godmother and she said â€Å"You are going to the Ball†. Before you knew it with the powers of the step mother Cinderella was beautifully dressed and a coach pulled by horses was ready to take her. Cinderella was told that at the stroke of midnight the powers would be gone and she would, means she would have to be gone. Although no one knowing who she was, she caught the prince’s eye. Forgetting to keep her eye on the clock, at 12 she rushed out losing one of her glass slippers. Every girl in the land tried hard to fit into her lost slipper, until Cinderella was forced to try it on, and it fit her perfectly. Cinderella became the prince’s bride and lived happily ever after. All similar, but yet different, In â€Å"Cinderella†, by Anne Sexton there are minor differences that pointed out to me making me not choose this particular story for my child. Besides the story being set up like a poem, I found this to be more difficult for a younger child to understand. This story starts off stating 4 extremely short but successful stories then leading into Cinderella which in my opinion isn’t needed to understand the story. As the story goes on in line 32 they refer to Cinderella looking like Al Jolson, which no kid would understand causing another story within a story about who Al Jolson is. In Walt Disney’s Cinderella, Cinderella is forced to try the slipper on, after her sisters try it on and are unsuccessful. In both â€Å"Cinderella† by Anne Sexton, and â€Å"Cinderella† by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, the step sisters decide to cut body parts to fit into the slipper. One cutting a toe off and the other cutting part of her heel off, until not long after, with help from the fairy god mother, or Cinderella’s mother that the prince finds out. I feel that blood and cutting off body parts because you don’t fit the characteristics you want so you can be with a man isn’t a good trait to teach your children. Lastly In both â€Å"Cinderella† by Anne Sexton, and â€Å"Cinderella† by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, the fairy (mother) were doves who pecked the eyes out of both step sisters for the way they treated Cinderella. The step sisters treated Cinderella horrible but did not deserve to have their eyes pecked out. This teaches children a bad lesson as well as giving them a horrible view to picture. Clearly you can now understand why I have chosen what I have. After reading all 5 wonderful versions, Walt Disney’s Cinderella adapted by Campbell Grant is the best for any child, especially mine. After reading a happy story there is a lot less you’ll need to explain to your child that is unnecessary to be explained to until they are older. The Walt Disney’s version I feel it is the most fitting for children over all the others which are best suitable for older teens.

Cloud Services Go Mainstream

Case Study 3. 4 – Salesforce. Com: Cloud Services Go Mainstream 1. How does Salesforce. com use cloud computing? Salesforce. com provides customer relationship management and other software applications using the software-as-a-service business model over the Internet. Cloud computing, also known as on-demand computing, eliminates the need for a business to make large up-front hardware and software investments and reduces the time to implement new programs. Subscribers to Salesforce. om don’t have to purchase or maintain any hardware (albeit personal computing devices) nor do they have to install any special operating systems, database servers, or application servers. Other than the monthly user subscription fee, businesses reduce their licensing and maintenance fees. Users access the Salesforce. com cloud through a standard Web browser or a mobile handheld device. Businesses using the Salesforce. com’s cloud have an easier time scaling their system as they increa se or decrease their workforce – they adjust the number of subscriptions to the cloud.Salesforce. com offers some customization of its software so a business can adjust the software to unique business processes. It offers three types of clouds: Sales cloud, service cloud, and the custom cloud. The sales and service clouds help businesses improve sales and customer service. The custom cloud provides a venue for customers to develop their own applications for use within the broader Salesforce network. 2. What are some of the challenges facing Salesforce as it continues its growth? How well will it be able to meet those challenges? Challenges include: Increased competition both from traditional industry leaders and new challengers hoping to replicate Salesforce’s success -Expanding its business model into other areas -Ensuring the system is available 24/7 with no outages -Defending the system against security breeches Salesforce is answering the first two challenges by pa rtnering with Google and combining its services with Gmail, GoogleDocs, Google Talk, and Google Calendar to allow its customers to accomplish more tasks via the Web . Salesforce. comand Google both hope that their Salesforce. com for Google Apps nitiative will galvanize further growth in on-demand software. By partnering with Apple, Salesforce. com can expand its applications to iPhone users who will have access to their data anywhere any time. Through its partnership with Amazon. com, Force customers can tap into Amazon. com’s cloud computing services that can handle â€Å"cloud burst computing† tasks that require extra processing power or storage capacity. Salesforce opened up its Custom Cloud (also known as Force. com) application development platform to other independent software developers and listed their programs on its AppExchange.The company introduced a development tool for integrating with Facebook’s social network that allows customers to build appli cations that call functions at the Facebook site. Small businesses can go online and download software applications, some add-ons to Salesforce. com and others that are unrelated. In order to grow its revenues to levels that industry observers and Wall Street eventually expects, Salesforce will need to change its focus from selling a suite of software applications to providing a broader cloud computing â€Å"platform† on which many software companies can deliver applications.To ensure system availability, Salesforce. com provides tools to assure customers about its system reliability and also offers PC applications that tie into their services so users can work offline. 3. What kinds of businesses could benefit from switching to Salesforce and why? Small to medium-size businesses are probably the most likely ones to switch to Salesforce. com because of cost factors and the lack of having in-house resources to provide the same level of computing capacity.Businesses that are tr ying to increase the sophistication of their computing capabilities could also benefit from switching to Salesforce as long as the two are compatible. Businesses that rely on smart customer management would benefit greatly from using the tools available at Salesforce. com. Also companies that have small sales and marketing teams can benefit from the software-as-a-service business model. 4. What factors would you take into account in deciding whether to use Saleforce. com for your business?Businesses should assess the costs and benefits of the service, weighing all people, organization, and technology issues. Does the software-as-a-service application integrate well with the existing systems? Does it deliver a level of service and performance that’s acceptable for the business? Does the SaaS fit with the business’ overall competitive strategy and allow the company to focus on core business issues instead of technology challenges? 5. Could a company run its entire busine ss using Salesforce. com, Force. com, and App Exchange?Explain your answer. Depending on the type of business, a company probably could run its entire operations using Salesforce. com, Force. com, and App Exchange. All four major functional areas of a business are supported: Sales and Marketing, Manufacturing and Production, Finance, and Human Resources. There are dozens of applications available to fully support all of these areas. It would be a matter of integrating the software from Salesforce. com and App Exchange with any existing legacy systems within the business.